February 3, 2011 – Widespread screening or routine ultrasound for blocked neck arteries to determine stroke risk isn't necessary, according to new guidelines from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association, American College of Cardiology and other groups.
Carotid endarterectomy and carotid stenting are reasonable and effective ways to treat blocked neck arteries. However, the guidelines also state that some patients may be better candidates for one procedure over the other. Overall, the guidelines will provide new information and evidence to help clinicians select treatment approaches with their patients.
When the carotid arteries on the side of the neck or vertebral arteries alongside the spinal column become clogged, less blood gets to the brain and the risk of stroke increases.
The guidelines writing committee, which included a wide range of specialists on stroke prevention, agreed there isn't sufficient evidence of benefit for widespread screening.
"However, if your doctor hears abnormal blood flow when listening to your neck arteries, or if you have two or more risk factors for stroke (such as high cholesterol or a family history), then it is a reasonable approach," said Jonathan L. Halperin, M.D., co-chair of the writing committee and professor of medicine at the Mount Sinai School of Medicine in New York.
Among dozens of recommendations, the writing group also noted that two often-competing procedures are used to restore adequate blood flow to the brain past severely narrowed arteries. With carotid endarterectomy – used for half a century – plaque buildup is surgically removed. In stenting, which has been available for about 15 years, a balloon catheter is inserted to open the vessel and a metal mesh tube (stent) is left in place to keep the blood vessel open.
After reviewing the evidence, including two recent head-to-head comparisons, the writing committee concluded that both approaches are reasonable and safe when arteries are more than 50 percent blocked.
"The guidelines support carotid surgery as a tried-and-true treatment for most patients," said Thomas G. Brott, M.D., committee co-chair, professor of neurology and director of research at the Mayo Clinic campus in Jacksonville, Fla. "However, for patients who have a strong preference for less invasive treatments, carotid stenting offers a safe alternative. Because of the anatomy of their arteries or other individual considerations, some patients may be more appropriate for surgery and others for stenting."
Furthermore, medications offer a better alternative than either surgery or stenting for many patients, according to the guidelines. In the latest clinical trials comparing the procedures, all patients received optimal medical treatment and there were no medication-only groups.
"The risks of these procedures have fallen considerably, but you need to make sure you have very experienced practitioners performing the latest techniques," Halperin said.
For more information: www.americanheart.org
October 23, 2024 
